Success at this stage leads to feelings of wisdom, while failure results in regret, bitterness, and despair. He presented these crises as 8 stages of psychosocial conflicts, often known as the 8 erikson stages. David l, eriksons stages of development, in learning. Erik eriksons stages of psychosocial development verywell mind. Depression and anxiety, for example, may make a person more likely to smoke, abuse alcohol or illicit drugs, or overeat. Erik eriksons theory of psychosocial development describes 8 stages that play a role in the development of personality and psychological. During each of erikson s eight development stages, two conflicting ideas must be resolved successfully in order for a person to become a confident, contributing member of society. Erik eriksons stages of psychosocial development the. Psychological problems often manifest as highrisk behaviors. These conflicts are meant to develop or not develop a certain psychological quality. Eriksons theory of psychosocial development moin syed. Each one of the eight stages that erikson described in his theory draws on the preceding stages, providing a path for the following stages. If development does not go smoothly at a particular stage, the person may experience arrested development i. Erikson maintained that personality develops in a predetermined order through eight stages of psychosocial development, from infancy to adulthood.
Erikson believed that as we go through stages of development, we must negotiate aspects of ourselves, and we experience psychosocial crises how we deal with each crisis forms our personality, which in turn informs our outlook on life. Eriksons 8 stages of psychosocial development education. During each stage, the person experiences a psychosocial crisis which could have a positive or negative outcome for personality development. Like freud, erikson assumes that a crisis occurs at each stage of development. An eight stage theory of identity and psychosocial development. Eriksons stages of psychosocial development wikipedia.
Erikson, piaget, and kohlberg are called stage theories. Unlike freuds theory of psychosexual stages, erikson s theory describes the impact of social experience across the whole lifespan. Erik erikson 19021994 was a stage theorist who took freuds controversial psychosexual theory and modified it into an eightstage. Erikson proposed that people experienced a conflict that served as a turning point in their development, like a stimulus for evolution, in each of the stages. Erik erikson psychosocial stages simply psychology.
Erik erikson 19021994 proposed that throughout our lives, we encounter certain crises that contribute to our psychosocial development. Much like sigmund freud, erikson believed that personality develops in a series of stages. Erikson s theory differed from many others because it addressed development throughout the entire lifespan, including old age. Eriksons stages of development pdf download for student. Approximate age freuds stages of psychosexual development \ neriksons stages of psychosocial development infancy birth to 1 year oral stage trust versus mistrust early childhood years anal stage autonomy versus doubt preschool 36 years phallic stage. Eriksons stages of psychosocial development exploring. Erik erikson, a german psychoanalyst heavily influenced by sigmund freud, explored three. Older adults need to look back on life and feel a sense of fulfillment. Psychological development, the development of human beings cognitive, emotional, intellectual, and social capabilities and functioning over the course of the. Psychosocial stages erikson s 1959 theory of psychosocial development has eight distinct stages.
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